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  • Toddlers don't monitor their own speech
    임시폴더/60초영어공부 2013. 8. 22. 17:00

    When I'm talking, I can hear my own voice. 


    and with that feedback, I can tell almost immediately when I've made an irror, like I just did, an error.

    --->  And with that feedback I can tell almost immediately when I’ve made an error. Like I just did. An error.


    Adults have this skill and so do older children, but we are not born with this ability. 


    It develops between the ages 2 and 4.

    ---> It develops between ages two and four. 


    So finds in the journal Current Biology.

    ---> So finds a study in the journal Current Biology.


    Researchers had adults, 4-year olds, and 2-year olds say bed repeatedly.

    ---> Researchers had adults, four-year-olds, and two-year-olds say “bed” repeatedly. 


    But the scientists filtered the sound so that the subjects heard themselves through headphones pronouncing it as bad.


    Adults spontaneously compensated it and changes of words that correct their own ears, they actually went up saying bed.

    ---> Adults spontaneously compensated, and changed so that the word sounded correct to their own ears. They wound up saying “bid.”


    4-year olds also adjusted their speech.


    But the 2-year olds kept saying bad even though they kept hearing bad.


    So the 2-year old ignored their own vocal feedback, how do they learn to say words correctly?

    ---> So if two-year olds ignore their own vocal feedback, how do they learn to say words correctly?


    Well, it's not clear.


    But this study suggested that toddlers might have an alternative source of auditory feedback.

    ---> But this study suggests that toddlers must have an alternative source of auditory feedback. 


    Researchers think it might simply be that they rely on their parents to monitoring correct their speech.

    ---> Researchers think it might simply be that they rely on parents to monitor and correct their speech.


    Then again with sentences like 옹알이~~, it's no surprise they're paying attention what they hearing.

    ---> Then again, with sentences like... (sound clip of a toddler), it's no surprise they aren’t paying attention to what they are hearing.


    출처: 60-second Mind 팟캐스트

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=toddlers-dont-monitor-their-own-spe-11-12-24



    + wound up

    wind up: (어떤 장소·상황에) 처하게 되다

    I wound up paying for it myself. 결국엔 내가 돈을 냈다. (출처:YBM)

    He wound up shouldering all his father's debts. 그가 고스란히 아버지의 빚을 떠맡게 되었다. (출처:능률교육)




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